Russia’s Shadow Fleet: A Masterclass in Sanctions Evasion

In the wake of Western sanctions surrounding the Ukraine war, Russia developed a network of clandestine oil tankers to ensure the continuity of its energy exports – the so-called “shadow fleet.” This system of tanker ships, through various deceptive practices, has been successful in evading international monitoring and restrictions. The vessels, often registered under flags of convenience, are Moscow’s primary tool for circumventing the oil price cap and maintaining supply to global energy markets. And despite international efforts to counter such activities, the shadow fleet has significantly expanded, becoming a major revenue source for Russia.