The relationship between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the State of Israel has long been shaped by a delicate interplay of ideology, geopolitics, and pragmatism. While the two nations have never engaged in direct conflict (around 1,000 Saudis fought in the 1948 War of Independence under Egyptian command), their historical relationship has been marked by mutual distrust, stemming from Saudi Arabia’s leadership role in the Arab world’s opposition to Israel and the enduring Palestinian question.
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