French Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne announced last week that President Emmanuel Macron's government would use a constitutional maneuver, Article 49.3, to push through controversial and deeply unpopular changes to France's retirement system without a full vote in Parliament. Macron's decision to unilaterally raise the retirement age to 64, from 62, among other changes, has sparked large, sometimes violent protests and enduring strikes by garbage workers, teachers, train drivers, and other labor unions.
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