Even the world’s most powerful military cannot be everywhere, all the time. With a limited pool of capabilities and forces, the United States must continually make decisions on how and where to deploy its resources. In an effort to maximize the strategic impact of the existing U.S. force structure, the 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) introduced the concept of dynamic force employment, aiming to deter adversaries globally by being “strategically predictable, but operationally unpredictable.” Yet for U.S. allies in regions bordering Russia and China, this new emphasis on surprise might be a mixed blessing as it runs counter to valued practices of transparency and predictability. On NATO’s northern flank, Norway appreciates the increased U.S. military presence, but concerns about regional instability remain.
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