The Nord Stream II has been another case of Germany and Russia increasing energy cooperation in times when political tension between them seemed to grow. The energy infrastructure project is meant to be an alternative route for Russian gas exported to Germany, but considering the export capacity of the pipeline – at 110 billion cubic meters, greater than Germany's demand of 80 billion cubic meters, it is likely that Gazprom has been looking beyond the German market. Together with TurkishStream, the Nord Stream II allowed Russia to avoid the Ukraine natural gas route completely – a goal that Gazprom had set to reach by 2019.
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